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"Q.E.D." (sometimes written "QED") is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "quod erat demonstrandum" ("that which was to be demonstrated"), a notation which is often placed ...

A series is said to be convergent if it approaches some limit (D'Angelo and West 2000, p. 259). Formally, the infinite series sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_n is convergent if the ...

A clique covering of a graph G is set of cliques such that every vertex of G is a member of at least one clique. A minimum clique covering is a clique covering of minimum ...

The matrix operations of 1. Interchanging two rows or columns, 2. Adding a multiple of one row or column to another, 3. Multiplying any row or column by a nonzero element.

A finite-dimensional Lie algebra all of whose elements are ad-nilpotent is itself a nilpotent Lie algebra.

A program initiated by F. Klein in an 1872 lecture to describe geometric structures in terms of their automorphism groups.

For R[n]>-1 and R[z]>0, Pi(z,n) = n^zint_0^1(1-x)^nx^(z-1)dx (1) = (n!)/((z)_(n+1))n^z (2) = B(z,n+1), (3) where (z)_n is the Pochhammer symbol and B(p,q) is the beta ...

The exsecant is a little-used trigonometric function defined by exsec(x)=secx-1, (1) where secx is the secant. The exsecant can be extended to the complex plane as ...

Consider a symmetric triangle wave T(x) of period 2L. Since the function is odd, a_0 = 0 (1) a_n = 0, (2) and b_n = (3) = (32)/(pi^2n^2)cos(1/4npi)sin^3(1/4npi) (4) = ...

A decomposition of a module into a direct sum of submodules. The index set for the collection of submodules is then called the grading set. Graded modules arise naturally in ...