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A quantity from which another (the subtrahend) is subtracted.

In the American system, 10^(30).

A module taking its coefficients in a ring R is called a module over R or R-module.

A polynomial with three terms.

A unique factorization domain, called UFD for short, is any integral domain in which every nonzero noninvertible element has a unique factorization, i.e., an essentially ...

N_phi(m) is the number of integers n for which the totient function phi(n)=m, also called the multiplicity of m (Guy 1994). Erdős (1958) proved that if a multiplicity occurs ...

In an additive group G, the additive inverse of an element a is the element a^' such that a+a^'=a^'+a=0, where 0 is the additive identity of G. Usually, the additive inverse ...

A statistic defined to improve the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in the tail of a distribution.

Two points are antipodal (i.e., each is the antipode of the other) if they are diametrically opposite. Examples include endpoints of a line segment, or poles of a sphere. ...

A sequence {x_n} is called an infinitive sequence if, for every i, x_n=i for infinitely many n. Write a(i,j) for the jth index n for which x_n=i. Then as i and j range ...