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In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

The Poisson-Charlier polynomials c_k(x;a) form a Sheffer sequence with g(t) = e^(a(e^t-1)) (1) f(t) = a(e^t-1), (2) giving the generating function ...

The highest order power in a univariate polynomial is known as its order (or, more properly, its polynomial degree). For example, the polynomial ...

The prime signature of a positive integer n is a sorted list of nonzero exponents a_i in the prime factorization n=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2).... By definition, the prime signature ...

Let (X,A,mu) and (Y,B,nu) be measure spaces, let R be the collection of all measurable rectangles contained in X×Y, and let lambda be the premeasure defined on R by ...

A positive integer n>1 is quiteprime iff all primes p<=sqrt(n) satisfy |2[n (mod p)]-p|<=p+1-sqrt(p). Also define 2 and 3 to be quiteprimes. Then the first few quiteprimes ...

Let the two-dimensional cylinder function be defined by f(x,y)={1 for r<R; 0 for r>R. (1) Then the Radon transform is given by ...

Given a straight segment of track of length l, add a small segment Deltal so that the track bows into a circular arc. Find the maximum displacement d of the bowed track. The ...

Following Ramanujan (1913-1914), write product_(k=1,3,5,...)^infty(1+e^(-kpisqrt(n)))=2^(1/4)e^(-pisqrt(n)/24)G_n (1) ...

A random permutation is a permutation containing a fixed number n of a random selection from a given set of elements. There are two main algorithms for constructing random ...