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An n-mark Golomb ruler is a set of n distinct nonnegative integers (a_1,a_2,...,a_n), called "marks," such that the positive differences |a_i-a_j|, computed over all possible ...

The great icosicosidodecahedron, not to be confused with the great icosahedron or great icosidodecahedron, is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 48 (Maeder 1997), ...

In the original formulation, a quantity associated with ideal class groups. According to Chevalley's formulation, a Grössencharakter is a multiplicative character of the ...

Define psi(x)={1 0<=x<1/2; -1 1/2<x<=1; 0 otherwise (1) and psi_(jk)(x)=psi(2^jx-k) (2) for j a nonnegative integer and 0<=k<=2^j-1. So, for example, the first few values of ...

A root-finding algorithm also known as the tangent hyperbolas method or Halley's rational formula. As in Halley's irrational formula, take the second-order Taylor series ...

It is always possible to write a sum of sinusoidal functions f(theta)=acostheta+bsintheta (1) as a single sinusoid the form f(theta)=ccos(theta+delta). (2) This can be done ...

A partial differential diffusion equation of the form (partialU)/(partialt)=kappadel ^2U. (1) Physically, the equation commonly arises in situations where kappa is the ...

In two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, attempt separation of variables by writing F(x,y)=X(x)Y(y), (1) then the Helmholtz differential equation becomes ...

In elliptic cylindrical coordinates, the scale factors are h_u=h_v=sqrt(sinh^2u+sin^2v), h_z=1, and the separation functions are f_1(u)=f_2(v)=f_3(z)=1, giving a Stäckel ...

A regular two-dimensional arrangement of squares separated by vertical and horizontal "canals." Looking at the grid produces the illusion of gray spots in the white area ...