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The term multigraph refers to a graph in which multiple edges between nodes are either permitted (Harary 1994, p. 10; Gross and Yellen 1999, p. 4) or required (Skiena 1990, ...

Consider the process of taking a number, multiplying its digits, then multiplying the digits of numbers derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. ...

In the technical combinatorial sense, an a-ary necklace of length n is a string of n characters, each of a possible types. Rotation is ignored, in the sense that b_1b_2...b_n ...

The negabinary representation of a number n is its representation in base -2 (i.e., base negative 2). It is therefore given by the coefficients a_na_(n-1)...a_1a_0 in n = ...

pi may be computed using a number of iterative algorithms. The best known such algorithms are the Archimedes algorithm, which was derived by Pfaff in 1800, and the ...

A plane curve is a curve that lies in a single plane. A plane curve may be closed or open. Curves which are interesting for some reason and whose properties have therefore ...

A generalization of the polyominoes using a collection of equal-sized equilateral triangles (instead of squares) arranged with coincident sides. Polyiamonds are sometimes ...

A sequence produced by the instructions "reverse, add to the original, then sort the digits." For example, after 668, the next iteration is given by 668+866=1534, so the next ...

The small triambic icosahedron is the dual polyhedron of the small ditrigonal icosidodecahedron with Maeder index 30 (Maeder 1997), Weinninger index 70 (Wenninger 1971, p. ...

The Struve function, denoted H_n(z) or occasionally H_n(z), is defined as H_nu(z)=(1/2z)^(nu+1)sum_(k=0)^infty((-1)^k(1/2z)^(2k))/(Gamma(k+3/2)Gamma(k+nu+3/2)), (1) where ...