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There are several definitions of a ray. When viewed as a vector, a ray is a vector AB^-> from a point A to a point B. In geometry, a ray is usually taken as a half-infinite ...

A pair of dice which have the same odds for throwing every number as a normal pair of 6-sided dice. They are the only such alternate arrangement if face values are required ...

A system is singular if its condition number is infinite and ill-conditioned if it is too large.

An infinite sequence {a_i} of positive integers is called strongly independent if any relation sumepsilon_ia_i, with epsilon_i=0, +/-1, or +/-2 and epsilon_i=0 except ...

The topological completion C of a field F with respect to the absolute value |·| is the smallest field containing F for which all Cauchy sequences or rationals converge.

The term cube is used in topology to denote the Cartesian product of any (finite or infinite) number of copies of the closed interval [0,1] equipped with the product topology ...

The cubic curve defined by ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=xy with a!=0. The curve cuts the axis in either one or three points. It was the 66th curve in Newton's classification of cubics. ...

The exact values of cos(pi/18) and sin(pi/18) can be given by infinite nested radicals sin(pi/(18))=1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2-...)))), where the sequence of signs +, +, ...

A dot placed under a symbol to indicate a dummy variable, e.g., c_._1 (Comtet 1974, p. 32). This notation, however, is not very common.

A one-sided (singly infinite) Laplace transform, L_t[f(t)](s)=int_0^inftyf(t)e^(-st)dt. This is the most common variety of Laplace transform and it what is usually meant by ...