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The set of terms of first-order logic (also known as first-order predicate calculus) is defined by the following rules: 1. A variable is a term. 2. If f is an n-place ...

If x_0 is an ordinary point of the ordinary differential equation, expand y in a Taylor series about x_0. Commonly, the expansion point can be taken as x_0=0, resulting in ...

Given a function f(x_1,...,x_n) defined on a domain U, the graph of f is defined as the set of points (which often form a curve or surface) showing the values taken by f over ...

Gaussian curvature, sometimes also called total curvature (Kreyszig 1991, p. 131), is an intrinsic property of a space independent of the coordinate system used to describe ...

Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

Consider the recurrence equation defined by a_0=m and a_n=|_sqrt(2a_(n-1)(a_(n-1)+1))_|, (1) where |_x_| is the floor function. Graham and Pollak actually defined a_1=m, but ...

A 2-variable oriented knot polynomial P_L(a,z) motivated by the Jones polynomial (Freyd et al. 1985). Its name is an acronym for the last names of its co-discoverers: Hoste, ...

There are a number of mathematical curves that produced heart shapes, some of which are illustrated above. A "zeroth" curve is a rotated cardioid (whose name means ...

The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

The inverse hyperbolic functions, sometimes also called the area hyperbolic functions (Spanier and Oldham 1987, p. 263) are the multivalued function that are the inverse ...