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The constant polynomial P(x)=0 whose coefficients are all equal to 0. The corresponding polynomial function is the constant function with value 0, also called the zero map. ...

A linear transformation between two vector spaces V and W is a map T:V->W such that the following hold: 1. T(v_1+v_2)=T(v_1)+T(v_2) for any vectors v_1 and v_2 in V, and 2. ...

In general, a topological index, sometimes also known as a graph-theoretic index, is a numerical invariant of a chemical graph (Plavšić et al. 1993). Particular topological ...

A category consists of three things: a collection of objects, for each pair of objects a collection of morphisms (sometimes call "arrows") from one to another, and a binary ...

The Euler formula, sometimes also called the Euler identity (e.g., Trott 2004, p. 174), states e^(ix)=cosx+isinx, (1) where i is the imaginary unit. Note that Euler's ...

Saalschütz's theorem is the generalized hypergeometric function identity _3F_2[a,b,-n; c,1+a+b-c-n;1]=((c-a)_n(c-b)_n)/((c)_n(c-a-b)_n) (1) which holds for n a nonnegative ...

Schur's partition theorem lets A(n) denote the number of partitions of n into parts congruent to +/-1 (mod 6), B(n) denote the number of partitions of n into distinct parts ...

Given a function f(x) of a variable x tabulated at m values y_1=f(x_1), ..., y_m=f(x_m), assume the function is of known analytic form depending on n parameters ...

A quasigroup with an identity element e such that xe=x and ex=x for any x in the quasigroup. All groups are loops. In general, loops are considered to have very little in the ...

The operator representing the computation of a derivative, D^~=d/(dx), (1) sometimes also called the Newton-Leibniz operator. The second derivative is then denoted D^~^2, the ...