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A mathematical object defined for a set and a binary operator in which the multiplication operation is associative. No other restrictions are placed on a semigroup; thus a ...

If W is a k-dimensional subspace of a vector space V with inner product <,>, then it is possible to project vectors from V to W. The most familiar projection is when W is the ...

A von Neumann regular ring is a ring R such that for all a in R, there exists a b in R satisfying a=aba (Jacobson 1989, p. 196). More formally, a ring R is regular in the ...

An exponent is the power p in an expression of the form a^p. The process of performing the operation of raising a base to a given power is known as exponentiation.

Schroeder (1991) calls the ceiling function symbols [ and ] the "gallows" because of their similarity in appearance to the structure used for hangings.

The partial differential equation w_t-6(w+epsilon^2w^2)w_x+w_(xxx)=0, which can also be rewritten (w)_t+(-3w^2-2epsilon^2w^3+w_(xx))_x=0.

The derivative of the power x^n is given by d/(dx)(x^n)=nx^(n-1).

The derivative identity d/(dx)[f(x)g(x)] = lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x))/h (1) = (2) = lim_(h->0)[f(x+h)(g(x+h)-g(x))/h+g(x)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h] (3) = f(x)g^'(x)+g(x)f^'(x), ...

The positive integers 216 and 12960000 appear in an obscure passage in Plato's The Republic. In this passage, Plato alludes to the fact that 216 is equal to 6^3, where 6 is ...

If there exists a rational integer x such that, when n, p, and q are positive integers, x^n=q (mod p), then q is the n-adic residue of p, i.e., q is an n-adic residue of p ...