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A type of point at infinity in which parallel lines in the hyperbolic plane intersect at infinity in one direction, while diverging from one another in the other.

(Deltau)_i^2=(u_i-u^_)^2, where u^_ is the average of {u_i}.

The Byzantine generals problem considers a computer with many programs running, some of them possibly unfriendly, and asks how the computer can function properly. More ...

In voting theory, a Condorcet candidate is a candidate who always wins in a 2-person election but loses in larger election. For example, consider the 6-tuples of 6-sided die ...

Condorcet's jury theorem states that given a group of voters (a "jury") independently choosing by majority vote between a correct outcome with probability 0<=p<=1 and an ...

A (presumably autobiographical) character in one of astrophysicist Fred Hoyle's novels opined the following. "I figure that if to be totally known and totally loved is worth ...

A generalization of simple majority voting in which a list of quotas {q_0,...,q_n} specifies, according to the number of votes, how many votes an alternative needs to win ...

The theory of analyzing a decision between a collection of alternatives made by a collection of n voters with separate opinions. Any choice for the entire group should ...

The voter model is a simple mathematical model of opinion formation in which voters are located at the nodes of a network, each voter has an opinion (in the simplest case, 0 ...

Go is played on a 19×19 grid, with pieces being placed at the intersections of grid lines, rather than in the middle of them. Go boards have a number of peculiarities, ...