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A point x^* which is mapped to itself under a map G, so that x^*=G(x^*). Such points are sometimes also called invariant points or fixed elements (Woods 1961). Stable fixed ...

A nonnegative function g(x,y) describing the "distance" between neighboring points for a given set. A metric satisfies the triangle inequality g(x,y)+g(y,z)>=g(x,z) (1) and ...

A multivalued function, also known as a multiple-valued function (Knopp 1996, part 1 p. 103), is a "function" that assumes two or more distinct values in its range for at ...

A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be negative lightlike if it has zero (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...

A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be negative timelike if it has imaginary (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...

The surface of revolution of the parabola which is the shape used in the reflectors of automobile headlights (Steinhaus 1999, p. 242; Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen 1999). It is a ...

The theory of non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.

For the rational curve of an unperturbed system with rotation number r/s under a map T (for which every point is a fixed point of T^s), only an even number of fixed points ...

A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be positive lightlike if it has zero (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...