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Meißner (1911) showed how to modify the Reuleaux tetrahedron (which is not a solid of constant width) to form a surface of constant width by replacing three of its edge arcs ...

The sequence produced by starting with a_1=1 and applying the greedy algorithm in the following way: for each k>=2, let a_k be the least integer exceeding a_(k-1) for which ...

In algebraic geometry classification problems, an algebraic variety (or other appropriate space in other parts of geometry) whose points correspond to the equivalence classes ...

In order to integrate a function over a complicated domain D, Monte Carlo integration picks random points over some simple domain D^' which is a superset of D, checks whether ...

Given an m×n matrix B, the Moore-Penrose generalized matrix inverse is a unique n×m matrix pseudoinverse B^+. This matrix was independently defined by Moore in 1920 and ...

The multinomial coefficients (n_1,n_2,...,n_k)!=((n_1+n_2+...+n_k)!)/(n_1!n_2!...n_k!) (1) are the terms in the multinomial series expansion. In other words, the number of ...

An N-cluster is a point lattice configuration in which the distance between every pair of points is an integer, no three points are collinear, and no four points are ...

Samuel Pepys wrote Isaac Newton a long letter asking him to determine the probabilities for a set of dice rolls related to a wager he planned to make. Pepys asked which was ...

A square matrix that is not singular, i.e., one that has a matrix inverse. Nonsingular matrices are sometimes also called regular matrices. A square matrix is nonsingular iff ...

The Nørlund polynomial (note that the spelling Nörlund also appears in various publications) is a name given by Carlitz (1960) and Adelberg (1997) to the polynomial ...