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In nonstandard analysis, the limitation to first-order analysis can be avoided by using a construction known as a superstructure. Superstructures are constructed in the ...

Let K be a T2-topological space and let F be the space of all bounded complex-valued continuous functions defined on K. The supremum norm is the norm defined on F by ...

The set of elements belonging to one but not both of two given sets. It is therefore the union of the complement of A with respect to B and B with respect to A, and ...

A plane curve given by the parametric equations x = cost (1) y = sintsin^m(1/2t). (2) The plots above show curves for values of m from 0 to 7. The teardrop curve has area ...

In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

Let L be a nontrivial bounded lattice (or a complemented lattice, etc.). Then L is a tight lattice if every proper tolerance rho of L satisfies (0,a) in rho=>a=0, and dually ...

Given 2n-1 numbers a_k, where k=-n+1, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., n-1, a Toeplitz matrix is a matrix which has constant values along negative-sloping diagonals, i.e., a matrix of the ...

A graph H is called a topological minor, also known as a homeomorphic subgraph, of a graph G if a graph subdivision of H is isomorphic to a subgraph of G. Every topological ...

The function defined by (1) (Heatley 1943; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 509), where _1F_1(a;b;z) is a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind and Gamma(z) is ...

Given a complex measure mu, there exists a positive measure denoted |mu| which measures the total variation of mu, also sometimes called simply "total variation." In ...