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A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually that observations are the result of chance). ...

There are several meanings of "null vector" in mathematics. 1. The most common meaning of null vector is the n-dimensional vector 0 of length 0. i.e., the vector with n ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be totally ordered sets. Let C=A×B be the Cartesian product and define order as follows. For any a_1,a_2 in A and b_1,b_2 in B, 1. If a_1<a_2, then ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

Let A^' be the outermost vertex of the regular pentagon erected outward on side BC of a reference triangle DeltaABC. Similarly, define B^' and C^'. The triangle ...

A fraction containing each of the digits 1 through 9 is called a pandigital fraction. The following table gives the number of pandigital fractions which represent simple unit ...

A linkage invented in 1630 by Christoph Scheiner for making a scaled copy of a given figure. The linkage is pivoted at O; hinges are denoted circledot . By placing a pencil ...

The parabiaugmented dodecahedron is a convex equilateral solid that is Johnson solid J_(60). The unit parabiaugmented dodecahedron has volume V=1/6(25+11sqrt(5)) (1) and Dehn ...

Two lines in two-dimensional Euclidean space are said to be parallel if they do not intersect. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, parallel lines not only fail to ...

A relation "<=" is a partial order on a set S if it has: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Antisymmetry: a<=b and b<=a implies a=b. 3. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c ...