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The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

A map u:M->N, between two compact Riemannian manifolds, is a harmonic map if it is a critical point for the energy functional int_M|du|^2dmu_M. The norm of the differential ...

A variable is a symbol on whose value a function, polynomial, etc., depends. For example, the variables in the function f(x,y) are x and y. A function having a single ...

An affine tensor is a tensor that corresponds to certain allowable linear coordinate transformations, T:x^_^i=a^i_jx^j, where the determinant of a^i_j is nonzero. This ...

Algorithmic graph theory is the study of graph traversal and generation and the complexity of these operations. Topics in algorithmic graph theory include Eulerian and ...

A technique used by André (1887) to provide an elegant solution to the ballot problem (Hilton and Pederson 1991) and in study of Wiener processes (Doob 1953; Papoulis 1984, ...

The mathematical study of abstract computing machines (especially Turing machines) and the analysis of algorithms used by such machines. A connection between automata theory ...

An automorphic function f(z) of a complex variable z is one which is analytic (except for poles) in a domain D and which is invariant under a countably infinite group of ...

The vector triple product identity Ax(BxC)=B(A·C)-C(A·B). This identity can be generalized to n dimensions,

A Banach algebra is an algebra B over a field F endowed with a norm ||·|| such that B is a Banach space under the norm ||·|| and ||xy||<=||x||||y||. F is frequently taken to ...