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The co-rank of a graph G is defined as s(G)=m-n+c, where m is the number of edges of G, n is the number of vertices, and c is the number of connected components (Biggs 1993, ...

The number of nodes in a graph is called its order.

The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

1. Zero is a number. 2. If a is a number, the successor of a is a number. 3. zero is not the successor of a number. 4. Two numbers of which the successors are equal are ...

If algebraic integers alpha_1, ..., alpha_n are linearly independent over Q, then e^(alpha_1), ..., e^(alpha_n) are algebraically independent over Q. The ...

The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...

A polynomial function is a function whose values can be expressed in terms of a defining polynomial. A polynomial function of maximum degree 0 is said to be a constant ...

When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A number of the form a_0+a_1zeta+...+a_(p-1)zeta^(p-1), where zeta=e^(2pii/p) is a de Moivre number and p is a prime number. Unique factorizations of cyclotomic integers fail ...

When ac is divisible by a number b that is relatively prime to a, then c must be divisible by b.