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Let mu be a positive measure on a sigma-algebra M, and let lambda be an arbitrary (real or complex) measure on M. If there is a set A in M such that lambda(E)=lambda(A ...

An approximate unit for a C^*-algebra A is an increasing net {u_lambda}_(lambda in Lambda) of positive elements in the closed unit ball of A such that a=lim_(lambda)au_lambda ...

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. The space of all characters on A is called the maximal ideal space (or character space) of A. This space equipped with the ...

If X is any compact space, let A be a subalgebra of the algebra C(X) over the reals R with binary operations + and ×. Then, if A contains the constant functions and separates ...

Let A be a unital C^*-algebra. An element u in A is called unitary if u^*u=uu^*=1. For example, for each self-adjoint element a in A, the element ...

A Cartan matrix is a square integer matrix who elements (A_(ij)) satisfy the following conditions. 1. A_(ij) is an integer, one of {-3,-2,-1,0,2}. 2. A_(ii)=2 the diagonal ...

The interior product is a dual notion of the wedge product in an exterior algebra LambdaV, where V is a vector space. Given an orthonormal basis {e_i} of V, the forms ...

Given a group G, the algebra CG is a vector space CG={suma_ig_i|a_i in C,g_i in G} of finite sums of elements of G, with multiplication defined by g·h=gh, the group ...

Each Cartan matrix determines a unique semisimple complex Lie algebra via the Chevalley-Serre, sometimes called simply the "Serre relations." That is, if (A_(ij)) is a k×k ...

Algebraic geometry is the study of geometries that come from algebra, in particular, from rings. In classical algebraic geometry, the algebra is the ring of polynomials, and ...