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A function A such that B=del xA. The most common use of a vector potential is the representation of a magnetic field. If a vector field has zero divergence, it may be ...

Let x be a real number, and let R be the set of positive real numbers mu for which 0<|x-p/q|<1/(q^mu) (1) has (at most) finitely many solutions p/q for p and q integers. Then ...

The Weierstrass elliptic functions (or Weierstrass P-functions, voiced "p-functions") are elliptic functions which, unlike the Jacobi elliptic functions, have a second-order ...

There are at least two integrals called the Poisson integral. The first is also known as Bessel's second integral, ...

The integral kernel in the Poisson integral, given by K(psi)=1/(2pi)(1-|z_0|^2)/(|z_0-e^(ipsi)|^2) (1) for the open unit disk D(0,1). Writing z_0=re^(itheta) and taking ...

Let U subset= C be an open set and f a real-valued continuous function on U. Suppose that for each closed disk D^_(P,r) subset= U and every real-valued harmonic function h ...

The problem of finding the connection between a continuous function f on the boundary partialR of a region R with a harmonic function taking on the value f on partialR. In ...

An exponential sum of the form sum_(n=1)^Ne^(2piiP(n)), (1) where P(n) is a real polynomial (Weyl 1914, 1916; Montgomery 2001). Writing e(theta)=e^(2piitheta), (2) a notation ...

If we expand the determinant of a matrix A using determinant expansion by minors, first in terms of the minors of order r formed from any r rows, with their complementaries, ...

Cantellation, also known as (polyhedron) expansion (Stott 1910, not to be confused with general geometric expansion) is the process of radially displacing the edges or faces ...