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Let P(N) denote the number of primes of the form n^2+1 for 1<=n<=N, then P(N)∼0.68641li(N), (1) where li(N) is the logarithmic integral (Shanks 1960, pp. 321-332). Let Q(N) ...

Physicists and engineers use the phrase "order of magnitude" to refer to the smallest power of ten needed to represent a quantity. Two quantities A and B which are within ...

The Poisson sum formula is a special case of the general result sum_(-infty)^inftyf(x+n)=sum_(k=-infty)^inftye^(2piikx)int_(-infty)^inftyf(x^')e^(-2piikx^')dx^' (1) with x=0, ...

A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...

There are at least two Siegel's theorems. The first states that an elliptic curve can have only a finite number of points with integer coordinates. The second states that if ...

In general, an unresolved nth root, commonly involving a radical symbol RadicalBox[x, n], is known as a surd. However, the term surd or "surd expression" (e.g., Hardy 1967, ...

If one root of the equation f(x)=0, which is irreducible over a field K, is also a root of the equation F(x)=0 in K, then all the roots of the irreducible equation f(x)=0 are ...

The ampersand curve is the name given by Cundy and Rowlett (1989, p. 72) to the quartic curve with implicit equation (y^2-x^2)(x-1)(2x-3)=4(x^2+y^2-2x)^2. (1) Although it is ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates variously denoted (xi,eta,phi) (Arfken 1970) or (theta,eta,psi) (Moon and Spencer 1988). Using the notation of Arfken, the bispherical ...

A Tschirnhausen transformation can be used to take a general quintic equation to the form x^5-x-a=0, where a may be complex.