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A (k,l)-multigrade equation is a Diophantine equation of the form sum_(i=1)^ln_i^j=sum_(i=1)^lm_i^j (1) for j=1, ..., k, where m and n are l-vectors. Multigrade identities ...

In three dimensions, there are three classes of constant curvature geometries. All are based on the first four of Euclid's postulates, but each uses its own version of the ...

The theory of non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.

Ahmed's integral is the definite integral int_0^1(tan^(-1)(sqrt(x^2+2)))/(sqrt(x^2+2)(x^2+1))dx=5/(96)pi^2 (OEIS A096615; Ahmed 2002; Borwein et al. 2004, pp. 17-20). This is ...

Pythagoras's theorem states that the diagonal d of a square with sides of integral length s cannot be rational. Assume d/s is rational and equal to p/q where p and q are ...

An unsolved problem in mathematics attributed to Lehmer (1933) that concerns the minimum Mahler measure M_1(P) for a univariate polynomial P(x) that is not a product of ...

A trinomial coefficient is a coefficient of the trinomial triangle. Following the notation of Andrews (1990), the trinomial coefficient (n; k)_2, with n>=0 and -n<=k<=n, is ...

The mutual information between two discrete random variables X and Y is defined to be I(X;Y)=sum_(x in X)sum_(y in Y)P(x,y)log_2((P(x,y))/(P(x)P(y))) (1) bits. Additional ...

For a given signal, the power spectrum gives a plot of the portion of a signal's power (energy per unit time) falling within given frequency bins. The most common way of ...

Thurston's conjecture proposed a complete characterization of geometric structures on three-dimensional manifolds. Before stating Thurston's geometrization conjecture in ...