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Half-angle formulas and formulas expressing trigonometric functions of an angle x/2 in terms of functions of an angle x. For real x, sin(1/2x) = ...

A normal extension is the splitting field for a collection of polynomials. In the case of a finite algebraic extension, only one polynomial is necessary.

A line along a normal vector (i.e., perpendicular to some tangent line). If K subset R^d is a centrosymmetric set which has a twice differentiable boundary, then there are ...

A chord which is a normal at each end. A centrosymmetric set K subset R^d has d double normals through the center (Croft et al. 1991). For a curve of constant width, all ...

In every residue class modulo p, there is exactly one integer polynomial with coefficients >=0 and <=p-1. This polynomial is called the normal polynomial modulo p in the ...

A statistical distribution for which the variables may take on a continuous range of values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 930) give a table of the parameters of most ...

A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

Let u_(p) be a unit tangent vector of a regular surface M subset R^3. Then the normal curvature of M in the direction u_(p) is kappa(u_(p))=S(u_(p))·u_(p), (1) where S is the ...

The normal bundle of a submanifold N in M is the vector bundle over N that consists of all pairs (x,v), where x is in N and v is a vector in the vector quotient space ...

If Y_i have normal independent distributions with mean 0 and variance 1, then chi^2=sum_(i=1)^rY_i^2 (1) is distributed as chi^2 with r degrees of freedom. This makes a chi^2 ...