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A monoid is a set that is closed under an associative binary operation and has an identity element I in S such that for all a in S, Ia=aI=a. Note that unlike a group, its ...

A spectral sequence is a tool of homological algebra that has many applications in algebra, algebraic geometry, and algebraic topology. Roughly speaking, a spectral sequence ...

Given three curves phi_1, phi_2, phi_3 with the common group of ordinary points G (which may be empty), let their remaining groups of intersections g_(23), g_(31), and g_(12) ...

A monoid that is commutative i.e., a monoid M such that for every two elements a and b in M, ab=ba. This means that commutative monoids are commutative, associative, and have ...

An element admitting a multiplicative or additive inverse. In most cases, the choice between these two options is clear from the context, as, for example, in a monoid, where ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

The identity element of an additive monoid or group or of any other algebraic structure (e.g., ring, module, abstract vector space, algebra) equipped with an addition. It is ...

The Livingstone graph is a distance-transitive graph on 266 vertices defined in terms of the Janko group J_1. It has intersection array {11,10,6,1;1,1,5,11}. The Livingstone ...

A finite simple group of Lie-type. The following table summarizes the types of twisted Chevalley groups and their respective orders. In the table, q denotes a prime power and ...

The Fischer groups are the three sporadic groups Fi_(22), Fi_(23), and Fi_(24)^'. These groups were discovered during the investigation of 3-transposition groups. The Fischer ...