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A public-key cryptography algorithm which uses prime factorization as the trapdoor one-way function. Define n=pq (1) for p and q primes. Also define a private key d and a ...

Let there be n>=2 integers 0<a_1<...<a_n with GCD(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=1. The values a_i represent the denominations of n different coins, where these denominations have greatest ...

The value of b, where a=b (mod m), taken to be nonnegative and smaller than m.

A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

An integer n which is tested to see if it divides a given number.

A nonzero element x of a ring for which x·y=0, where y is some other nonzero element and the multiplication x·y is the multiplication of the ring. A ring with no zero ...

A proper factor of a positive integer n is a factor of n other than 1 or n (Derbyshire 2004, p. 32). For example, 2 and 3 are positive proper factors of 6, but 1 and 6 are ...

Let M be a bounded set in the plane, i.e., M is contained entirely within a rectangle. The outer Jordan measure of M is the greatest lower bound of the areas of the coverings ...

Squarefree factorization is a first step in many factoring algorithms. It factors nonsquarefree polynomials in terms of squarefree factors that are relatively prime. It can ...

The symbol tau (the lower case Greek letter tau) has many common uses in mathematics, as summarized in the following table. 1. tau(n) is an alternate notation for the divisor ...