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One of the symbols ( or ) used to denote grouping. Parentheses have a great many specialized meanings in mathematics. A few of these are described below. 1. Parentheses are ...

For some authors (e.g., Bourbaki, 1964), the same as principal ideal domain. Most authors, however, do not require the ring to be an integral domain, and define a principal ...

For two polynomials P_1(x)=a_mx^m+...+a_0 and P_2=b_nx^n+...+b_0 of degrees m and n, respectively, the Sylvester matrix is an (m+n)×(m+n) matrix formed by filling the matrix ...

If a discrete group of displacements in the plane has more than one center of rotation, then the only rotations that can occur are by 2, 3, 4, and 6. This can be shown as ...

In order to find integers x and y such that x^2=y^2 (mod n) (1) (a modified form of Fermat's factorization method), in which case there is a 50% chance that GCD(n,x-y) is a ...

If n>1 and n|1^(n-1)+2^(n-1)+...+(n-1)^(n-1)+1, is n necessarily a prime? In other words, defining s_n=sum_(k=1)^(n-1)k^(n-1), does there exist a composite n such that s_n=-1 ...

The gonality (also called divisorial gonality) gon(G) of a (finite) graph G is the minimum degree of a rank 1 divisor on that graph. It can be thought of as the minimum ...

Isomorphic factorization colors the edges a given graph G with k colors so that the colored subgraphs are isomorphic. The graph G is then k-splittable, with k as the divisor, ...

Kakutani's fixed point theorem is a result in functional analysis which establishes the existence of a common fixed point among a collection of maps defined on certain ...

A skew conic, also known as a gauche conic, space conic, twisted conic, or cubical conic section, is a third-order space curve having up to three points in common with a ...