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In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

A category modeled after the properties of the category of sets. A category E is a topos if E has finite limits and every object of E has a power object (Barr and Wells 1985, ...

The twist of a ribbon measures how much it twists around its axis and is defined as the integral of the incremental twist around the ribbon. A formula for the twist is given ...

The universal product code (UPC) is a 12-digit number and associated machine-readable bar code used to identify products being purchased in grocery stores. UPCs encode an ...

A left Hilbert Algebra A whose involution is an antilinear isometry is called a unimodular Hilbert algebra. The involution is usually denoted xi|->xi^*.

Let A be a unital C^*-algebra. An element u in A is called unitary if u^*u=uu^*=1. For example, for each self-adjoint element a in A, the element ...

A unitary perfect number is a number n which is the sum of its unitary divisors with the exception of n itself. There are no odd unitary perfect numbers, and it has been ...

The prime link 05-0201, illustrated above, with braid word sigma_1^2sigma_2^2sigma_1^(-1)sigma_2^(-2) or sigma_1sigma_2^(-1)sigma_1sigma_2^(-2) and Jones polynomial ...

A Z-number is a real number xi such that 0<=frac[(3/2)^kxi]<1/2 for all k=1, 2, ..., where frac(x) is the fractional part of x. Mahler (1968) showed that there is at most one ...

If 1<=b<a and (a,b)=1 (i.e., a and b are relatively prime), then a^n-b^n has at least one primitive prime factor with the following two possible exceptions: 1. 2^6-1^6. 2. ...