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The flat norm on a current is defined by F(S)=int{Area T+Vol(R):S-T=partialR}, where partialR is the boundary of R.

The distance p (sometimes also denoted k) from the focus to the conic section directrix of a conic section. The following table gives the focal parameter for the different ...

The permanent of an n×n integer matrix with all entries either 0 or 1 is 0 iff the matrix contains an r×s submatrix of 0s with r+s=n+1. This result follows from the ...

A stellation is said to be fully supported if all its included cells are supported, i.e., if all its bottom faces are covered by their adjacent cells. In other words, every ...

The convex hull of two or more functions is the largest function that is concave from above and does not exceed the given functions.

A congruence of the form f(x)=g(x) (mod n), where f(x) and g(x) are both integer polynomials. Functional congruences are sometimes also called "identical congruences" (Nagell ...

The fundamental group of an arcwise-connected set X is the group formed by the sets of equivalence classes of the set of all loops, i.e., paths with initial and final points ...

The curvature and torsion functions along a space curve determine it up to an orientation-preserving isometry.

Numbered rods which can be used to perform multiplication.

A decomposition of a module into a direct sum of submodules. The index set for the collection of submodules is then called the grading set. Graded modules arise naturally in ...