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The second, or diamond, group isomorphism theorem, states that if G is a group with A,B subset= G, and A subset= N_G(B), then (A intersection B)⊴A and AB/B=A/A intersection ...

To color any map on the sphere or the plane requires at most six-colors. This number can easily be reduced to five, and the four-color theorem demonstrates that the necessary ...

Let a chord of constant length be slid around a smooth, closed, convex curve C, and choose a point on the chord which divides it into segments of lengths p and q. This point ...

Vizing's theorem states that a graph can be edge-colored in either Delta or Delta+1 colors, where Delta is the maximum vertex degree of the graph. This partitions graphs into ...

The Gaussian joint variable theorem, also called the multivariate theorem, states that given an even number of variates from a normal distribution with means all 0, (1) etc. ...

Saalschütz's theorem is the generalized hypergeometric function identity _3F_2[a,b,-n; c,1+a+b-c-n;1]=((c-a)_n(c-b)_n)/((c)_n(c-a-b)_n) (1) which holds for n a nonnegative ...

Fermat's 4n+1 theorem, sometimes called Fermat's two-square theorem or simply "Fermat's theorem," states that a prime number p can be represented in an essentially unique ...

If g is a continuous function g(x) in [a,b] for all x in [a,b], then g has a fixed point in [a,b]. This can be proven by supposing that g(a)>=a g(b)<=b (1) g(a)-a>=0 ...

Let X and Y be CW-complexes, and let f:X->Y be a continuous map. Then the cellular approximation theorem states that any such f is homotopic to a cellular map. In fact, if ...

Given n circles and a perimeter p, the total area of the convex hull is A_(Convex Hull)=2sqrt(3)(n-1)+p(1-1/2sqrt(3))+pi(sqrt(3)-1). Furthermore, the actual area equals this ...