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Let two points x and y be picked randomly from a unit n-dimensional hypercube. The expected distance between the points Delta(n), i.e., the mean line segment length, is then ...

A superellipse is a curve with Cartesian equation |x/a|^r+|y/b|^r=1, (1) first discussed in 1818 by Lamé. A superellipse may be described parametrically by x = acos^(2/r)t ...

Pre-Algebra

"Analysis of Variance." A statistical test for heterogeneity of means by analysis of group variances. ANOVA is implemented as ANOVA[data] in the Wolfram Language package ...

Take K a number field and L an Abelian extension, then form a prime divisor m that is divided by all ramified primes of the extension L/K. Now define a map phi_(L/K) from the ...

An integer n is p-balanced for p a prime if, among all nonzero binomial coefficients (n; k) for k=0, ..., n (mod p), there are equal numbers of quadratic residues and ...

The Bevan circle, sometimes also called the excentral circle, is the circumcircle of the excentral triangle of the reference triangle, i.e., it is the circle passing through ...

A two-sided (doubly infinite) Z-Transform, Z^((2))[{a_n}_(n=-infty)^infty](z)=sum_(n=-infty)^infty(a_n)/(z^n) (Zwillinger 1996; Krantz 1999, p. 214). The bilateral transform ...

Black-Scholes theory is the theory underlying financial derivatives which involves stochastic calculus and assumes an uncorrelated log normal distribution of continuously ...

Polynomials s_k(x;lambda) which form a Sheffer sequence with g(t) = 1+e^(lambdat) (1) f(t) = e^t-1 (2) and have generating function ...