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Four-dimensional geometry is Euclidean geometry extended into one additional dimension. The prefix "hyper-" is usually used to refer to the four- (and higher-) dimensional ...

The squared norm of a four-vector a=(a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3)=a_0+a is given by the dot product a^2=a_mua^mu=(a^0)^2-a·a, (1) where a·a is the usual vector dot product in Euclidean ...

There are two sorts of transforms known as the fractional Fourier transform. The linear fractional Fourier transform is a discrete Fourier transform in which the exponent is ...

Given an m×n matrix A, the fundamental theorem of linear algebra is a collection of results relating various properties of the four fundamental matrix subspaces of A. In ...

The Game of Logic, described by Lewis Carroll--author of Alice in Wonderland--in 1887 (Carroll 1972) consists of discussing the meaning of propositions like "Some fresh cakes ...

The so-called generalized Fourier integral is a pair of integrals--a "lower Fourier integral" and an "upper Fourier integral"--which allow certain complex-valued functions f ...

There are no fewer than two closely related but somewhat different notions of gerbe in mathematics. For a fixed topological space X, a gerbe on X can refer to a stack of ...

"Vertex" is a synonym for a node of a graph, i.e., one of the points on which the graph is defined and which may be connected by graph edges. The terms "point," "junction," ...

The Hartley Transform is an integral transform which shares some features with the Fourier transform, but which, in the most common convention, multiplies the integral kernel ...

In cylindrical coordinates, the scale factors are h_r=1, h_theta=r, h_z=1, so the Laplacian is given by del ...