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Given a topological vector space X and a neighborhood V of 0 in X, the polar K=K(V) of V is defined to be the set K(V)={Lambda in X^*:|Lambdax|<=1 for every x in V} and where ...

(Bailey 1935, p. 25), where _7F_6(a_1,...,a_7;b_1,...,b_6) and _4F_3(a_1,...,a_4;b_1,b_2,b_3) are generalized hypergeometric functions with argument z=1 and Gamma(z) is the ...

A type of compact surface studied by German mathematician Otto Zoll following an idea of Darboux. It is characterized by the property that all its geodesics are closed and of ...

Linear Algebra

de Rham cohomology is a formal set-up for the analytic problem: If you have a differential k-form omega on a manifold M, is it the exterior derivative of another differential ...

Christoffel symbols of the second kind are the second type of tensor-like object derived from a Riemannian metric g which is used to study the geometry of the metric. ...

A (finite, circular) conical surface is a ruled surface created by fixing one end of a line segment at a point (known as the vertex or apex of the cone) and sweeping the ...

The term "cylinder" has a number of related meanings. In its most general usage, the word "cylinder" refers to a solid bounded by a closed generalized cylinder (a.k.a. ...

The delta function is a generalized function that can be defined as the limit of a class of delta sequences. The delta function is sometimes called "Dirac's delta function" ...

The divergence of a vector field F, denoted div(F) or del ·F (the notation used in this work), is defined by a limit of the surface integral del ·F=lim_(V->0)(∮_SF·da)/V (1) ...