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A n×n matrix A is an orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where A^(T) is the transpose of A and I is the identity matrix. In particular, an orthogonal matrix is always ...

A curve which may pass through any region of three-dimensional space, as contrasted to a plane curve which must lie in a single plane. Von Staudt (1847) classified space ...

Let (K,L) be a pair consisting of finite, connected CW-complexes where L is a subcomplex of K. Define the associated chain complex C(K,L) group-wise for each p by setting ...

Let sopfr(n) be the sum of prime factors (with repetition) of a number n. For example, 20=2^2·5, so sopfr(20)=2+2+5=9. Then sopfr(n) for n=1, 2, ... is given by 0, 2, 3, 4, ...

A bicubic spline is a special case of bicubic interpolation which uses an interpolation function of the form y(x_1,x_2) = sum_(i=1)^(4)sum_(j=1)^(4)c_(ij)t^(i-1)u^(j-1) (1) ...

The central factorials x^([k]) form an associated Sheffer sequence with f(t) = e^(t/2)-e^(-t/2) (1) = 2sinh(1/2t), (2) giving the generating function ...

Gieseking's constant is defined by G = int_0^(2pi/3)ln(2cos(1/2x))dx (1) = Cl_2(1/3pi) (2) = (3sqrt(3))/4[1-sum_(k=0)^(infty)1/((3k+2)^2)+sum_(k=1)^(infty)1/((3k+1)^2)] (3) = ...

The cosecant cscz is the function defined by cscz = 1/(sinz) (1) = (2i)/(e^(iz)-e^(-iz)), (2) where sinz is the sine. The cosecant is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

An order-n Costas array is a permutation on {1,...,n} such that the distances in each row of the triangular difference table are distinct. For example, the permutation ...

The Dottie number is the name given by Kaplan (2007) to the unique real root of cosx=x (namely, the unique real fixed point of the cosine function), which is 0.739085... ...