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An inner product space is a vector space together with an inner product on it. If the inner product defines a complete metric, then the inner product space is called a ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

The algorithm for the construction of a Gröbner basis from an arbitrary ideal basis. Buchberger's algorithm relies on the concepts of S-polynomial and polynomial reduction ...

An estimate is an educated guess for an unknown quantity or outcome based on known information. The making of estimates is an important part of statistics, since care is ...

Fredholm's theorem states that, if A is an m×n matrix, then the orthogonal complement of the row space of A is the null space of A, and the orthogonal complement of the ...

Let Omega be an open, bounded, and connected subset of R^d for some d and let dx denote d-dimensional Lebesgue measure on R^d. In functional analysis, the Friedrichs ...

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

In univariate interpolation, an interpolant is a function L=L(x) which agrees with a particular function f at a set of known points x_0,x_1,x_2,...,x_n and which is used to ...

The König-Egeváry theorem, sometimes simply called König's theorem, asserts that the matching number (i.e., size of a maximum independent edge set) is equal to the vertex ...

The partial differential equation (1+f_y^2)f_(xx)-2f_xf_yf_(xy)+(1+f_x^2)f_(yy)=0 (Gray 1997, p. 399), whose solutions are called minimal surfaces. This corresponds to the ...