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A roll of 10 on a pair of six-sided dice in the game of craps (Gardner 1978, p. 256). The probability of rolling "a big Dick" is 1/12, or 8.333...%.

An arc of a graph, sometimes also called a flag, is an ordered pair of adjacent vertices (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 59), sometimes also called a directed line (Harary 1994, ...

An orthogonal array OA(k,s) is a k×s^2 array with entries taken from an s-set S having the property that in any two rows, each ordered pair of symbols from S occurs exactly ...

A partial algebra is a pair A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)), where for each i in I, there are an ordinal number alpha_i and a set X_i subset= A^(alpha_i) such that f_i^A is a function ...

The diameter of a polygon is the largest distance between any pair of vertices. In other words, it is the length of the longest polygon diagonal (e.g., straight line segment ...

Let N^* be the smallest dimension n of a hypercube such that if the lines joining all pairs of corners are two-colored for any n>=N^*, a complete graph K_4 of one color with ...

Bicentric perspective is the study of the projection of 3D space from a pair of fiducial points instead of a single one, the latter of which may be called "centric" or ...

If a graph G has n graph vertices such that every pair of the n graph vertices which are not joined by a graph edge has a sum of valences which is >=n, then G is Hamiltonian. ...

A topological algebra is a pair (A,tau), where A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)) is an algebra and each of the operations f_i^A is continuous in the product topology. Examples of ...

A pair of dice which have the same odds for throwing every number as a normal pair of 6-sided dice. They are the only such alternate arrangement if face values are required ...