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A fractional clique of a graph G is a nonnegative real function on the vertices of G such that sum of the values on the vertices of any independent set is at most one. The ...

The study of an extension of derivatives and integrals to noninteger orders. Fractional calculus is based on the definition of the fractional integral as ...

Let I(G) denote the set of all independent sets of vertices of a graph G, and let I(G,u) denote the independent sets of G that contain the vertex u. A fractional coloring of ...

The even part Ev(n) of a positive integer n is defined by Ev(n)=2^(b(n)), where b(n) is the exponent of the exact power of 2 dividing n. The values for n=1, 2, ..., are 1, 2, ...

The solution to the differential equation [D^(2v)+alphaD^v+betaD^0]y(t)=0 (1) is y(t)={e_alpha(t)-e_beta(t) for alpha!=beta; ...

The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...

Hardy and Littlewood (1914) proved that the sequence {frac(x^n)}, where frac(x) is the fractional part, is equidistributed for almost all real numbers x>1 (i.e., the ...

A fractional ideal is a generalization of an ideal in a ring R. Instead, a fractional ideal is contained in the number field F, but has the property that there is an element ...

Every complex matrix can be broken into a Hermitian part A_H=1/2(A+A^(H)) (i.e., A_H is a Hermitian matrix) and an antihermitian part A_(AH)=1/2(A-A^(H)) (i.e., A_(AH) is an ...

Every complex matrix A can be broken into a Hermitian part A_H=1/2(A+A^(H)) (i.e., A_H is a Hermitian matrix) and an antihermitian part A_(AH)=1/2(A-A^(H)) (i.e., A_(AH) is ...