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An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. An outer automorphism of G is an automorphism which cannot ...

A particular type of automorphism group which exists only for groups. For a group G, the outer automorphism group is the quotient group Aut(G)/Inn(G), which is the ...

A similar construction can be done by initially erecting a square internally on the side BC. This leads to the A^--inscribed square. The triangle DeltaX^-Y^-Z^- of centers of ...

The outer Vecten circle is the circumcircle of the outer Vecten triangle. It has center at Kimberling center X_(641), which is the complement of the outer Vecten point ...

An "overdot" is a raised dot appearing above a symbol most commonly used in mathematics to indicate a derivative taken with respect to time (e.g., x^.=dx/dt). The expression ...

An egg-shaped curve. Lockwood (1967) calls the negative pedal curve of an ellipse with eccentricity e<=1/2 an ovoid.

A popular acronym for "principal ideal domain." In engineering circles, the acronym PID refers to the "proportional-integral-derivative method" algorithm for controlling ...

The statistical index P_P=(sump_nq_n)/(sump_0q_n), where p_n is the price per unit in period n and q_n is the quantity produced in period n.

Given an amicable pair (m,n), the quantity sigma(m) = sigma(n) (1) = =s(m)+s(n) (2) = m+n (3) is called the pair sum, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the ...

The term pairwise refers to taking all unordered 2-subsets of a given set. For example, the pairwise products of the set {a,b,c} are ab, ac, and bc.