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Spinor fields describing particles of zero rest mass satisfy the so-called zero rest mass equations. Examples of zero rest mass particles include the neutrino (a fermion) and ...

A function that can be defined as a Dirichlet series, i.e., is computed as an infinite sum of powers, F(n)=sum_(k=1)^infty[f(k)]^n, where f(k) can be interpreted as the set ...

A type of compact surface studied by German mathematician Otto Zoll following an idea of Darboux. It is characterized by the property that all its geodesics are closed and of ...

A zonal harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form P_l(costheta), i.e., one which reduces to a Legendre polynomial (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302). These harmonics are ...

The d-analog of a complex number s is defined as [s]_d=1-(2^d)/(s^d) (1) (Flajolet et al. 1995). For integer n, [2]!=1 and [n]_d! = [3][4]...[n] (2) = ...

The ordinary differential equation y=xf(y^')+g(y^'), where y^'=dy/dx and f and g are given functions. This equation is sometimes also known as Lagrange's equation (Zwillinger ...

The method of d'Alembert provides a solution to the one-dimensional wave equation (partial^2y)/(partialx^2)=1/(c^2)(partial^2y)/(partialt^2) (1) that models vibrations of a ...

The de Bruijn constant, also called the Copson-de Bruijn constant, is the minimal constant c=1.1064957714... (OEIS A113276) such that the inequality ...

de Rham's function is the function defined by the functional equations phi_alpha(1/2x) = alphaphi_alpha(x) (1) phi_alpha(1/2(x+1)) = alpha+(1-alpha)phi_alpha(x) (2) (Trott ...

The constants C_n defined by C_n=[int_0^infty|d/(dt)((sint)/t)^n|dt]-1. (1) These constants can also be written as the sums C_n=2sum_(k=1)^infty(1+x_k^2)^(-n/2), (2) and ...