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The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...

The inverse Gaussian distribution, also known as the Wald distribution, is the distribution over [0,infty) with probability density function and distribution function given ...

In determinant expansion by minors, the minimal number of transpositions of adjacent columns in a square matrix needed to turn the matrix representing a permutation of ...

An authalic latitude which is directly proportional to the spacing of parallels of latitude from the equator on an ellipsoidal Mercator projection. It is defined by ...

Consider an n-digit number k. Square it and add the right n digits to the left n or n-1 digits. If the resultant sum is k, then k is called a Kaprekar number. For example, 9 ...

The problem of determining how many nonattacking kings can be placed on an n×n chessboard. For n=8, the solution is 16, as illustrated above (Madachy 1979). In general, the ...

The first few numbers whose abundance absolute values are odd squares (excluding the trivial cases of powers of 2) are 98, 2116, 4232, 49928, 80656, 140450, 550564, 729632, ...

A lattice graph, also known as a mesh graph or grid graph, is a graph possessing an embedding in a Euclidean space R^n that forms a regular tiling. Examples include grid ...

A representation of a Lie algebra g is a linear transformation psi:g->M(V), where M(V) is the set of all linear transformations of a vector space V. In particular, if V=R^n, ...

Line segment picking is the process of picking line segments at random within a given shape in the plane, in space, or in a higher dimension. The most natural definition of a ...