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Topological lower bounds in terms of Betti numbers for the number of critical points form a smooth function on a smooth manifold.

A strong inequality in which a is not only less than b, but much less (by some convention) is denoted a<<b.

A mathematical object S is said to be multiplicatively closed if a,b in S implies that ab in S.

The symbol p^e∥n means, for p a prime, that p^e|n, but p^(e+1)n.

A reflexive relation.

Euclidean n-space is denoted R^n.

The robustness of a given outcome to small changes in initial conditions or small random fluctuations. Chaos is an example of a process which is not stable.

The modern definition of the q-hypergeometric function is _rphi_s[alpha_1,alpha_2,...,alpha_r; beta_1,...,beta_s;q,z] ...

Zeros of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) come in two different types. So-called "trivial zeros" occur at all negative even integers s=-2, -4, -6, ..., and "nontrivial ...

Let S be a nonempty set, then a filter on S is a nonempty collection F of subsets of S having the following properties: 1. emptyset not in F, 2. If A,B in F, then A ...