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The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...

Two lines in two-dimensional Euclidean space are said to be parallel if they do not intersect. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, parallel lines not only fail to ...

An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...

Given an integer e>=2, the Payam number E_+/-(e) is the smallest positive odd integer k such that for every positive integer n, the number k·2^n+/-1 is not divisible by any ...

A graphical plot with abscissa given by the number p of consecutive numbers constituting a single period and ordinate given by the correlation ratio eta. The equation of the ...

Campbell (2022) used the WZ method to obtain the sum (pi^2)/4=sum_(n=1)^infty(16^n(n+1)(3n+1))/(n(2n+1)^2(2n; n)^3), (1) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. There is a ...

The integral kernel in the Poisson integral, given by K(psi)=1/(2pi)(1-|z_0|^2)/(|z_0-e^(ipsi)|^2) (1) for the open unit disk D(0,1). Writing z_0=re^(itheta) and taking ...

The conjecture due to Pollock (1850) that every number is the sum of at most five tetrahedral numbers (Dickson 2005, p. 23; incorrectly described as "pyramidal numbers" and ...

In its simplest form, the principle of permanence states that, given any analytic function f(z) defined on an open (and connected) set U of the complex numbers C, and a ...

The signature of a non-degenerate quadratic form Q=y_1^2+y_2^2+...+y_p^2-y_(p+1)^2-y_(p+2)^2-...-y_r^2 of rank r is most often defined to be the ordered pair (p,q)=(p,r-p) of ...