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The Laplace distribution, also called the double exponential distribution, is the distribution of differences between two independent variates with identical exponential ...

n vectors X_1, X_2, ..., X_n are linearly dependent iff there exist scalars c_1, c_2, ..., c_n, not all zero, such that sum_(i=1)^nc_iX_i=0. (1) If no such scalars exist, ...

Let p(d,a) be the smallest prime in the arithmetic progression {a+kd} for k an integer >0. Let p(d)=maxp(d,a) such that 1<=a<d and (a,d)=1. Then there exists a d_0>=2 and an ...

When P and Q are integers such that D=P^2-4Q!=0, define the Lucas sequence {U_k} by U_k=(a^k-b^k)/(a-b) for k>=0, with a and b the two roots of x^2-Px+Q=0. Then define a ...

Throughout abstract algebra, the term "magma" is most often used as a synonym of the more antiquated term "groupoid," referring to a set equipped with a binary operator. The ...

The "mathematical paradigm" is a term that may be applied to the fundamental idea that events in the world can be described by mathematical equations, and that solutions to ...

The unknotting number for a torus knot (p,q) is (p-1)(q-1)/2. This 40-year-old conjecture was proved (Adams 1994) by Kronheimer and Mrowka (1993, 1995).

A minimum edge cover is an edge cover having the smallest possible number of edges for a given graph. The size of a minimum edge cover of a graph is known as the edge cover ...

A one-sided surface reminiscent of the Möbius strip, attributed to Gourmalin (Bouvier and George 1979, p. 477; Boas 1995). This surface is topologically equivalent to a Klein ...

Multivariate analysis is the simultaneous statistical consideration of relationships among many measured properties of a given system (Gould 1996, p. 42).