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A formal power series, sometimes simply called a "formal series" (Wilf 1994), of a field F is an infinite sequence {a_0,a_1,a_2,...} over F. Equivalently, it is a function ...

In mathematics, a formula is a fact, rule, or principle that is expressed in terms of mathematical symbols. Examples of formulas include equations, equalities, identities, ...

The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

Let (Omega)_(ij) be the resistance distance matrix of a connected graph G on n nodes. Then Foster's theorems state that sum_((i,j) in E(G)))Omega_(ij)=n-1, where E(g) is the ...

An (n,k) fountain is an arrangement of n coins in rows such that exactly k coins are in the bottom row and each coin in the (i+1)st row touches exactly two in the ith row. ...

Let n>=0 and alpha_1, alpha_2, ...be the positive roots of J_n(x)=0, where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. An expansion of a function in the interval (0,1) in ...

Because the Legendre polynomials form a complete orthogonal system over the interval [-1,1] with respect to the weighting function w(x)=1, any function f(x) may be expanded ...

The Fourier cosine transform of a real function is the real part of the full complex Fourier transform, F_x^((c))[f(x)](k) = R[F_x[f(x)](k)] (1) = ...

The n×n square matrix F_n with entries given by F_(jk)=e^(2piijk/n)=omega^(jk) (1) for j,k=0, 1, 2, ..., n-1, where i is the imaginary number i=sqrt(-1), and normalized by ...

Consider a string of length 2L plucked at the right end and fixed at the left. The functional form of this configuration is f(x)=x/(2L). (1) The components of the Fourier ...