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A method for constructing magic squares of odd order, also called the Siamese method.

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be disjoint totally ordered sets with order types alpha and beta. Then the ordinal sum is defined at set (C=A union B,<=) where, if c_1 and c_2 are both ...

The Burnside problem originated with Burnside (1902), who wrote, "A still undecided point in the theory of discontinuous groups is whether the group order of a group may be ...

The most general form of Lagrange's group theorem, also known as Lagrange's lemma, states that for a group G, a subgroup H of G, and a subgroup K of H, (G:K)=(G:H)(H:K), ...

In general, an arrangement of objects is simply a grouping of them. The number of "arrangements" of n items is given either by a combination (order is ignored) or permutation ...

The Jacobian of a linear net of curves of order n is a curve of order 3(n-1). It passes through all points common to all curves of the net. It is the locus of points where ...

A partial derivative of second or greater order with respect to two or more different variables, for example f_(xy)=(partial^2f)/(partialxpartialy). If the mixed partial ...

A proper subgroup is a proper subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. "H is a proper subgroup of G" is written H subset G. The ...