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The neighborhood graph of a given graph from a vertex v is the subgraph induced by the neighborhood of a graph from vertex v, most commonly including v itself. Such graphs ...

A paradox in decision theory. Given two boxes, B1 which contains $1000 and B2 which contains either nothing or a million dollars, you may pick either B2 or both. However, at ...

Samuel Pepys wrote Isaac Newton a long letter asking him to determine the probabilities for a set of dice rolls related to a wager he planned to make. Pepys asked which was ...

Curves with Cartesian equation ay^2=x(x^2-2bx+c) with a>0. The above equation represents the third class of Newton's classification of cubic curves, which Newton divided into ...

The next prime function NP(n) gives the smallest prime larger than n. The function can be given explicitly as NP(n)=p_(1+pi(n)), where p_i is the ith prime and pi(n) is the ...

A generalization of the polylogarithm function defined by S_(n,p)(z)=((-1)^(n+p-1))/((n-1)!p!)int_0^1((lnt)^(n-1)[ln(1-zt)]^p)/tdt. The function reduces to the usual ...

A ring is called left (respectively, right) Noetherian if it does not contain an infinite ascending chain of left (respectively, right) ideals. In this case, the ring in ...

The noncentral chi-squared distribution with noncentrality parameter lambda is given by P_r(x) = ...

Nonparametric estimation is a statistical method that allows the functional form of a fit to data to be obtained in the absence of any guidance or constraints from theory. As ...

The Nørlund polynomial (note that the spelling Nörlund also appears in various publications) is a name given by Carlitz (1960) and Adelberg (1997) to the polynomial ...