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A quantity to be added to another, also called a summand. For example, in the expression a+b+c, a, b, and c are all addends. The first of several addends, or "the one to ...

A class of knots containing the class of alternating knots. Let c(K) be the link crossing number. Then for knot sum K_1#K_2 which is an adequate knot, ...

In a graph G, two graph vertices are adjacent if they are joined by a graph edge.

A map projection. The inverse equations for phi are computed by iteration. Let the angle of the projection plane be theta_b. Define a={0 for theta_b=1/2pi; ...

A fundamental result of de Rham cohomology is that the kth de Rham cohomology vector space of a manifold M is canonically isomorphic to the Alexander-Spanier cohomology ...

A field K is said to be algebraically closed if every polynomial with coefficients in K has a root in K.

If an aliquot sequence {s^0(n),s(n),s^2(n),...} for a given n is bounded, it either ends at s(1)=0 or becomes periodic. If the sequence is periodic (or eventually periodic), ...

An impossible hexnut modeled after the impossible torus. The figure above shows three impossible figures: the ambihelical hexnut in the lower left-hand corner, tribox in the ...

A stereogram made of two pictures, one red and one blue, taken from offset positions. When the pictures are viewed through glasses with one lens of each color, the picture ...

An ansatz is an assumed form for a mathematical statement that is not based on any underlying theory or principle. An example from physics is the Bethe Ansatz (Müller).