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A prime field is a finite field GF(p) for p is prime.

An Egyptian fraction is a sum of positive (usually) distinct unit fractions. The famous Rhind papyrus, dated to around 1650 BC contains a table of representations of 2/n as ...

An Abelian semigroup is a set whose elements are related by a binary operation (such as addition, rotation, etc.) that is closed, associative, and commutative. A mathematical ...

A semigroup S is said to be an inverse semigroup if, for every a in S, there is a unique b (called the inverse of a) such that a=aba and b=bab. This is equivalent to the ...

A square matrix U is a special unitary matrix if UU^*=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix and U^* is the conjugate transpose matrix, and the determinant is detU=1. (2) The ...

A simple graph, also called a strict graph (Tutte 1998, p. 2), is an unweighted, undirected graph containing no graph loops or multiple edges (Gibbons 1985, p. 2; West 2000, ...

The Benney equation in 1+1 dimensions is the nonlinear partial differential equation ...

Although the inner shaded region has the same area as the outer shaded annulus, it appears to be larger. Since the rings are equally spaced, A_(inner) = pi·3^2=9pi (1) ...

Chrystal's identity is the algebraic identity ((b-c)^2+(b+c)^2+2(b^2-c^2))/((b^4-2b^2c^2+c^4)[1/((b-c)^2)+2/(b^2-c^2)+1/((b+c)^2)])=1 given as an exercise by Chrystal (1886).

Construct a 5×5×5 cube from thirteen 1×2×4 blocks, one 2×2×2 block, one 1×2×2, and three 1×1×3 blocks.