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A modular inverse of an integer b (modulo m) is the integer b^(-1) such that bb^(-1)=1 (mod m). A modular inverse can be computed in the Wolfram Language using PowerMod[b, ...

A piecewise regular function that 1. Has a finite number of finite discontinuities and 2. Has a finite number of extrema can be expanded in a Fourier series which converges ...

The simple continued fraction of the Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma is [0; 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 13, 5, 1, 1, 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 40, ...] (OEIS A002852). The first few ...

A linear recurrence equation is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a first-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example ...

A spectral sequence is a tool of homological algebra that has many applications in algebra, algebraic geometry, and algebraic topology. Roughly speaking, a spectral sequence ...

Approximations to Catalan's constant include K approx (9/(10))^(5/6) (1) approx ln(ln892)-1 (2) approx (1/(96))^(1/52) (3) approx (4/(51))^(1/29) (4) approx ...

The orchard-planting problem (also known as the orchard problem or tree-planting problem) asks that n trees be planted so that there will be r(n,k) straight rows with k trees ...

Direct sums are defined for a number of different sorts of mathematical objects, including subspaces, matrices, modules, and groups. The matrix direct sum is defined by ...

The Dedekind psi-function is defined by the divisor product psi(n)=nproduct_(p|n)(1+1/p), (1) where the product is over the distinct prime factors of n, with the special case ...

In mathematics, a small positive infinitesimal quantity, usually denoted epsilon or epsilon, whose limit is usually taken as epsilon->0. The late mathematician P. Erdős also ...