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The five Mathieu groups M_(11), M_(12), M_(22), M_(23), and M_(24) were the first sporadic groups discovered, having been found in 1861 and 1873 by Mathieu. Frobenius showed ...

A set S in a metric space (S,d) is bounded if it has a finite generalized diameter, i.e., there is an R<infty such that d(x,y)<=R for all x,y in S. A set in R^n is bounded ...

An alternating group is a group of even permutations on a set of length n, denoted A_n or Alt(n) (Scott 1987, p. 267). Alternating groups are therefore permutation groups. ...

An algorithm that can be used to factor a polynomial f over the integers. The algorithm proceeds by first factoring f modulo a suitable prime p via Berlekamp's method and ...

A field is any set of elements that satisfies the field axioms for both addition and multiplication and is a commutative division algebra. An archaic name for a field is ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), a floating-point representation is an unencoded member of a floating-point format which represents either ...

Let L be an extension field of K, denoted L/K, and let G be the set of automorphisms of L/K, that is, the set of automorphisms sigma of L such that sigma(x)=x for every x in ...

The icosahedral group I_h is the group of symmetries of the icosahedron and dodecahedron having order 120, equivalent to the group direct product A_5×Z_2 of the alternating ...

A polynomial is said to be irreducible if it cannot be factored into nontrivial polynomials over the same field. For example, in the field of rational polynomials Q[x] (i.e., ...

A permutation group is a finite group G whose elements are permutations of a given set and whose group operation is composition of permutations in G. Permutation groups have ...