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Let g be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over some field k. A subalgebra h of g is called a Cartan subalgebra if it is nilpotent and equal to its normalizer, which is the ...

A game in which no draw is possible. Steinhaus (1999, p. 16) stated that all categorical games are unfair, but this is incorrect. For example, the game "Odds or Evens" pits ...

The branch of mathematics which formalizes a number of algebraic properties of collections of transformations between mathematical objects (such as binary relations, groups, ...

Cauchy's functional equation is the equation f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y). It was proved by Cauchy in 1821 that the only continuous solutions of this functional equation from R into R ...

Let P be a finite partially ordered set. A chain in P is a set of pairwise comparable elements (i.e., a totally ordered subset). The partial order length of P is the maximum ...

If g(x) is differentiable at the point x and f(x) is differentiable at the point g(x), then f degreesg is differentiable at x. Furthermore, let y=f(g(x)) and u=g(x), then ...

"Chaos" is a tricky thing to define. In fact, it is much easier to list properties that a system described as "chaotic" has rather than to give a precise definition of chaos. ...

Chevalley's theorem, also known as the Chevalley-Waring theorem, states that if f is a polynomial in F[x_1,...,x_n], where F is a finite field of field characteristic p, and ...

Let O be an order of an imaginary quadratic field. The class equation of O is the equation H_O=0, where H_O is the extension field minimal polynomial of j(O) over Q, with ...

All closed surfaces, despite their seemingly diverse forms, are topologically equivalent to spheres with some number of handles or cross-caps. The traditional proof follows ...