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Numbers 1, alpha_1, ..., alpha_L are rationally independent iff under the action of rotation rho_(alpha_1)×...×rho_(alpha_L) on the L-dimensional torus, every orbit is ...

A special case of the quadratic Diophantine equation having the form x^2-Dy^2=1, (1) where D>0 is a nonsquare natural number (Dickson 2005). The equation x^2-Dy^2=+/-4 (2) ...

For every ring containing p spheres, there exists a ring of q spheres, each touching each of the p spheres, where 1/p+1/q=1/2, (1) which can also be written (p-2)(q-2)=4. (2) ...

The volumes of any n n-dimensional solids can always be simultaneously bisected by a (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane. Proving the theorem for n=2 (where it is known as the ...

Lagrange's continued fraction theorem, proved by Lagrange in 1770, states that any positive quadratic surd sqrt(a) has a regular continued fraction which is periodic after ...

For an algebraic curve, the total number of groups of a g_N^r consisting in a point of multiplicity k_1, one of multiplicity k_2, ..., one of multiplicity k_rho, where sumk_i ...

Gödel's first incompleteness theorem states that all consistent axiomatic formulations of number theory which include Peano arithmetic include undecidable propositions ...

An almost integer is a number that is very close to an integer. Near-solutions to Fermat's last theorem provide a number of high-profile almost integers. In the season 7, ...

There are several related theorems involving Hamiltonian cycles of graphs that are associated with Pósa. Let G be a simple graph with n graph vertices. 1. If, for every k in ...

Let T be an ergodic endomorphism of the probability space X and let f:X->R be a real-valued measurable function. Then for almost every x in X, we have 1/nsum_(j=1)^nf ...