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The superdiagonal of a square matrix is the set of elements directly above the elements comprising the diagonal. For example, in the following matrix, the diagonal elements ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')-[(M^2-1/4+K^2-2MKcosx)/(sin^2x)+(sigma+K^2+1/4)]y=0.

A surface on which the Gaussian curvature K is everywhere positive. When K is everywhere negative, a surface is called anticlastic. A point at which the Gaussian curvature is ...

The Jacobi elliptic functions are standard forms of elliptic functions. The three basic functions are denoted cn(u,k), dn(u,k), and sn(u,k), where k is known as the elliptic ...

B-trees were introduced by Bayer (1972) and McCreight. They are a special m-ary balanced tree used in databases because their structure allows records to be inserted, ...

The absolute square of a complex number z, also known as the squared norm, is defined as |z|^2=zz^_, (1) where z^_ denotes the complex conjugate of z and |z| is the complex ...

The bead-sorting algorithm orders a list of a positive integers increasingly by representing numbers as a list of a 1s, where each 1 stands for a bead. The k initial integers ...

A bicolorable graph G is a graph with chromatic number chi(G)<=2. A graph is bicolorable iff it has no odd graph cycles (König 1950, p. 170; Skiena 1990, p. 213; Harary 1994, ...

In the theory of transfinite ordinal numbers, 1. Every well ordered set has a unique ordinal number, 2. Every segment of ordinals (i.e., any set of ordinals arranged in ...

The colon is the symbol ":". It is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. 1. To denote ratio or odds, as in 2:1 (voiced "two to one"). 2. To mean such that in ...